The best Side of KGW Crystal
The best Side of KGW Crystal
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For a few purposes, tungstates give a combination of different practical Houses. Specifically for passive mode locking, ytterbium-doped double tungstates in many cases are outstanding to other media concerning the combination of significant gain bandwidth, massive cross-sections, and comparatively fantastic thermal Houses �?Regardless that in Each individual particular self-control much better elements might be uncovered.
In summary, we demonstrated that undoped scintillator crystals: BGO, GGG, YSO, LSO and LYSO are successful nonlinear components for broadband SC era during the around-infrared and shorter-wave infrared spectral ranges, when pumped by a hundred and eighty fs fundamental harmonic pulses from an amplified Yb:KGW laser. YSO, LSO and LYSO developed two octave-spanning SC spectra, which Examine to SC spectra made in YAG. These products show pretty comparable performances to YAG also when it comes to threshold and ideal pump pulse energies for SC era. However, for what worries the likelihood to function at large laser pulse repetition rate, YSO, LSO and LYSO exhibit sturdy Procedure only at 10 kHz and speedily degrade (within just a couple of minutes) at 20 kHz. Apart from the reasonably lower SC era threshold (169 nJ), GGG demonstrated superb functionality features while in the brief-wave infrared With all the optimum pump pulse Electricity of 464 nJ, that is two situations lower than in YAG: the most important purple-shifted spectral broadening and the highest spectral energy density, outperforming KGW and YAG crystals in that element.
Substitution of your Computer system for a much better a person or perhaps a wonderful adjustment with the Computer system orientation as well as used high voltage is required to stay away from this phenomenon. A quick pulse picker may be used to Enhance the nanosecond-scale contrast in the output principal pulse.
Potassium was uncovered and 1st isolated by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1807. Potassium would be the seventh most plentiful component on this planet. It really is Just about the most reactive and electropositive of all metals and rapidly oxidizes. Just like other alkali metals, potassium decomposes in water with the evolution of hydrogen because of its reacts violently with drinking water, it only occurs in mother nature in ionic salts.
Even so, when Nd3+:YAG became commercially available, the curiosity in CaWO4 dropped sharply. In afterwards several years, specific other tungstate crystals started to entice many awareness.
Comparison of spectral Electricity densities of supercontinua generated in the problems of best pumping from the investigated elements.
Though BGO and LT created the narrowest SC spectra (marginally fewer than click here one.five optical octaves), they may be viewed as extremely interesting nonlinear resources for broadband SC era with pumping at more time laser wavelengths. Owing to its substantial nonlinearity, BGO exhibited the lowest SC generation threshold (seventy eight nJ) Amongst the investigated supplies, that's 25 % reduced than in KGW and could be regarded as outstanding nonlinear materials for incredibly small-threshold SC era. The noticed stable and sturdy injury-totally free efficiency of BGO and GGG at two hundred kHz pulse repetition level indicates that these nonlinear products have a potential for SC generation at even higher, MHz, repetition rates. Furthermore, these elements supply SC radiation with a wonderful set of parameters which might be essential for applications in large speed spectroscopy and imaging that utilize bulk-created SC, see e.g.17,18,19,twenty.
The threshold Power for SC generation (hbox E _ textrm th ) was defined as the pump pulse Electrical power, in which the blue-shifted spectral broadening promptly settles to a certain Slash-off wavelength that remains Nearly constant Despite having additional enhance in the pump pulse Strength. The ideal Vitality (hbox E _textrm decide ), was described since the pump pulse Electrical power, which creates the most important red-shifted spectral broadening ahead of the onset of periodic modulation while in the SC spectrum because of filament refocusing.
相关工作得到了上海扬帆计划、国家重点研发计划、中国科学院战略性先导科技专项、国家自然科学基金项目、上海市优秀学术/技术带头人计划、上海市市级科技重大专项、中国科学院青年创新促进会的支持。（强场激光物理国家重点实验室供稿）
Since its discovery in 19701,2, the point out on the art of supercontinuum (SC) era in bulk reliable-point out supplies has reached a large degree of maturity owing to great development of ultrafast laser sources and basic comprehension of the fundamental physical processes3,4. The complexity of physical results underlying SC technology is unveiled inside the framework of femtosecond filamentation, which can be a common phenomenon arising from nonlinear propagation of femtosecond laser pulses in clear materials5. In additional realistic conditions, the attainable spectral extent of SC radiation depends on the fabric Attributes, like linear and nonlinear indexes of refraction and Vitality bandgap, which along with the laser wavelength define the significant ability for self-focusing (that has for being exceeded for a light filament to form) and clamping depth of a light-weight filament (and that is proportional on the order of multiphoton absorption), respectively.
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An illustration of such behaviour is revealed in Fig. 7a. The character of spectral variations is highlighted in Fig. 7d, which reveals how the SC spectrum within the long-wavelength side shrinks noticeably, from 1800 nm to 1450 nm, just immediately after 8 minutes of exposure time within a stationary sample. LT crystal shown somewhat better extensive-time period overall performance: at pulse repetition prices of nearly 100 kHz no narrowing on either side on the SC spectrum was detected. Nevertheless, fast narrowing on the SC spectrum in LT crystal was observed after the initial five minutes of operation when the heart beat repetition rate was established at two hundred kHz (knowledge not proven). In contrast to the above mentioned materials, BGO and GGG shown outstanding SC technology performances with no spectral alterations in a pulse repetition fee of two hundred kHz, as attested by the point series of SC spectra in BGO and GGG, proven in Fig. 7b and c, respectively. Determine 7e and f outline similar styles of SC spectra firstly and at the end of 1 hour-Long lasting measurement in both resources.